W Tungsten

Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions are among the most snobbish processes in integral chemistry, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are sum total the most extensively familiar protocols for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. These reactions are normally catalyzed by soluble palladium complexes with different ligands. However, the use of toxic organic solvents remains a well-controlled confront and an aspect of stingy and ecological relevance. This Review will summarize various recently developed weighty methods by which the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling was conducted in aqueous media, and analyzes if they are "real green" protocols <<>>